Namespace: System
Math
Provides constants and static methods for trigonometric, logarithmic, and other common mathematical functions.
Methods (17)
double Sqrt(Double)
Returns the square root of a specified number.
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
| d | The number whose square root is to be found. |
Returns: One of the values in the following table. d parameter Return value Zero or positive The positive square root of d. Negative NaN Equals NaNNaN Equals PositiveInfinityPositiveInfinity
double Atan(Double)
Returns the angle whose tangent is the specified number.
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
| d | A number representing a tangent. |
Returns: An angle, θ, measured in radians, such that -π/2 ≤θ≤π/2. -or- NaN if d equals NaN, -π/2 rounded to double precision (-1.5707963267949) if d equals NegativeInfinity, or π/2 rounded to double precision (1.5707963267949) if d equals PositiveInfinity.
double Atan2(Double,Double)
Returns the angle whose tangent is the quotient of two specified numbers.
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
| y | The y coordinate of a point. |
| x | The x coordinate of a point. |
Returns: An angle, θ, measured in radians, such that -π≤θ≤π, and tan(θ) = y / x, where (x, y) is a point in the Cartesian plane. Observe the following: For (x, y) in quadrant 1, 0 < θ < π/2. For (x, y) in quadrant 2, π/2 < θ≤π. For (x, y) in quadrant 3, -π < θ < -π/2. For (x, y) in quadrant 4, -π/2 < θ < 0. For points on the boundaries of the quadrants, the return value is the following: If y is 0 and x is not negative, θ = 0. If y is 0 and x is negative, θ = π. If y is positive and x is 0, θ = π/2. If y is negative and x is 0, θ = -π/2. If y is 0 and x is 0, θ = 0. If x or y is NaN, or if x and y are either PositiveInfinity or NegativeInfinity, the method returns NaN.
double Asin(Double)
Returns the angle whose sine is the specified number.
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
| d | A number representing a sine, where d must be greater than or equal to -1, but less than or equal to 1. |
Returns: An angle, θ, measured in radians, such that -π/2 ≤θ≤π/2 -or- NaN if d < -1 or d > 1 or d equals NaN.
double Acos(Double)
Returns the angle whose cosine is the specified number.
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
| d | A number representing a cosine, where d must be greater than or equal to -1, but less than or equal to 1. |
Returns: An angle, θ, measured in radians, such that 0 ≤θ≤π -or- NaN if d < -1 or d > 1 or d equals NaN.
double Sin(Double)
Returns the sine of the specified angle.
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
| a | An angle, measured in radians. |
Returns: The sine of a. If a is equal to NaN, NegativeInfinity, or PositiveInfinity, this method returns NaN.
double Cos(Double)
Returns the cosine of the specified angle.
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
| d | An angle, measured in radians. |
Returns: The cosine of d. If d is equal to NaN, NegativeInfinity, or PositiveInfinity, this method returns NaN.
double Tan(Double)
Returns the tangent of the specified angle.
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
| a | An angle, measured in radians. |
Returns: The tangent of a. If a is equal to NaN, NegativeInfinity, or PositiveInfinity, this method returns NaN.
double Exp(Double)
Returns e raised to the specified power.
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
| d | A number specifying a power. |
Returns: The number e raised to the power d. If d equals NaN or PositiveInfinity, that value is returned. If d equals NegativeInfinity, 0 is returned.
double Log(Double)
Returns the natural (base e) logarithm of a specified number.
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
| d | The number whose logarithm is to be found. |
Returns: One of the values in the following table. d parameter Return value Positive The natural logarithm of d; that is, ln d, or log e d Zero NegativeInfinity Negative NaN Equal to NaNNaN Equal to PositiveInfinityPositiveInfinity
double Log(Double,Double)
Returns the logarithm of a specified number in a specified base.
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
| a | The number whose logarithm is to be found. |
| newBase | The base of the logarithm. |
Returns: One of the values in the following table. (+Infinity denotes PositiveInfinity, -Infinity denotes NegativeInfinity, and NaN denotes NaN.) anewBase Return value a> 0 (0 <newBase< 1) -or-(newBase> 1) lognewBase(a) a< 0 (any value) NaN (any value) newBase< 0 NaN a != 1 newBase = 0 NaN a != 1 newBase = +Infinity NaN a = NaN (any value) NaN (any value) newBase = NaN NaN (any value) newBase = 1 NaN a = 0 0 <newBase< 1 +Infinity a = 0 newBase> 1 -Infinity a = +Infinity 0 <newBase< 1 -Infinity a = +Infinity newBase> 1 +Infinity a = 1 newBase = 0 0 a = 1 newBase = +Infinity 0
double Log10(Double)
Returns the base 10 logarithm of a specified number.
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
| d | A number whose logarithm is to be found. |
Returns: One of the values in the following table. d parameter Return value Positive The base 10 log of d; that is, log 10d. Zero NegativeInfinity Negative NaN Equal to NaNNaN Equal to PositiveInfinityPositiveInfinity
double Pow(Double,Double)
Returns a specified number raised to the specified power.
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
| x | A double-precision floating-point number to be raised to a power. |
| y | A double-precision floating-point number that specifies a power. |
Returns: The number x raised to the power y.
double Round(Double)
Rounds a double-precision floating-point value to the nearest integral value, and rounds midpoint values to the nearest even number.
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
| a | A double-precision floating-point number to be rounded. |
Returns: The integer nearest a. If the fractional component of a is halfway between two integers, one of which is even and the other odd, then the even number is returned. Note that this method returns a Double instead of an integral type.
Decimal Ceiling(Double)
Returns the smallest integral value that is greater than or equal to the specified double-precision floating-point number.
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
| a | A double-precision floating-point number. |
Returns: The smallest integral value that is greater than or equal to a. If a is equal to NaN, NegativeInfinity, or PositiveInfinity, that value is returned. Note that this method returns a Double instead of an integral type.
Decimal Floor(Double)
Returns the largest integral value less than or equal to the specified double-precision floating-point number.
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
| d | A double-precision floating-point number. |
Returns: The largest integral value less than or equal to d. If d is equal to NaN, NegativeInfinity, or PositiveInfinity, that value is returned.
Decimal Truncate(Double)
Calculates the integral part of a specified double-precision floating-point number.
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
| d | A number to truncate. |
Returns: The integral part of d; that is, the number that remains after any fractional digits have been discarded, or one of the values listed in the following table. d Return value NaNNaNNegativeInfinityNegativeInfinityPositiveInfinityPositiveInfinity
Fields & Constants (2)
double PI
Represents the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, specified by the constant, π.
double E
Represents the natural logarithmic base, specified by the constant, e.